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uBuntu Zone-DNS How to

Autor 白目研究生

havenlin.org的由來(延伸閱讀)

很久以前，就應該要補齊這個Lab 的steps了

這篇文章的主題是DNS

往下閱讀的同時，請注意DNS是一個非常龐大的系統

如果讀者跟我一樣只把DNS定義在正解IP即可，那這個Lab已經符合您的需求了

但是，要再深入一點的議題

請把DNS and BIND讀個幾遍吧

今天的Lab環境是：

uBuntu Server 7.10

BIND9

基本上DNS Server在安裝系統的時候，就會有option提供選擇安裝了

如果miss掉的話，你可以放BootCD重新安裝該套件，

也可以用apt安裝

apt-get install bind9 dnsutils

裝完之後的參數設定都在/etc/bind目錄底下

程式啟動、停止、重新啟動、重新載入設定的方式如下

Usage: /etc/init.d/bind9 {start|stop|reload|restart|force-reload}

參數設定：

Domain Name：xxx.org

Name Server IP：1.2.3.4

僅供參數參考帶入以下參數設定

named.conf.option

options {
directory “/var/cache/bind”;
query-source address * port 53;
//上一層DNS
forwarders {
168.95.1.1; //越多越好 嗎？！
};
//允許以下設定，不設限
allow-query { any; };
allow-transfer { none; };
auth-nxdomain no;
listen-on-v6 { any; };
};

named.conf.local

預設，不予變更

named.conf//以下為新增的zone

zone “xxx.org” {
//設定DNS Type
type master;
//正反解參數檔案放置位置
file “/etc/bind/db.1″;
};

db.1//以db.empty為範例修改

;
; BIND reverse data file for broadcast zone
;
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
IN NS dns.xxx.org.
localhost IN CNAME localhost.
loopback IN CNAME localhost.
dns IN A 1.2.3.4
www IN A 1.2.3.4
@ IN A 1.2.3.4

這樣子bind9 restart一下就可以了，可以看到下面記錄

Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: starting BIND 9.4.1-P1 -u bind
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: found 1 CPU, using 1 worker thread
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: loading configuration from ‘/etc/bind/named.conf’
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: listening on IPv6 interfaces, port 53
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: listening on IPv4 interface lo, 127.0.0.1#53
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: listening on IPv4 interface eth0, 1.2.3.4#53
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: 254.169.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: 2.0.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: 255.255.255.255.IN-ADDR.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: D.F.IP6.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: 8.E.F.IP6.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: 9.E.F.IP6.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: A.E.F.IP6.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: automatic empty zone: B.E.F.IP6.ARPA
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: zone 127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: zone 255.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 1
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: /etc/bind/db.1:4: no TTL specified; using SOA MINTTL instead
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: zone xxx.org/IN: loaded serial 1
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: running
Mar 3 18:33:47 Localhost named[14468]: zone xxx.org/IN: sending notifies (serial 1)

注意，log是debug最重要的工具，每修改一次紀錄Serial Number也需要更動

因為與上層DNS的資料更新是以Serial Number比對，不同才更新

至於Error Message在這邊就不介紹了…

等遇到你就知道了…

以上